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Insomnia: Should I Take Sleeping Pills?
You may want to have a say in this decision, or you may simply want to follow your doctor's recommendation. Either way, this information will help you understand what your choices are so that you can talk to your doctor about them.
Insomnia: Should I Take Sleeping Pills?
1Get the | 2Compare | 3Your | 4Your | 5Quiz | 6Your Summary |
Get the facts
Your options
- Take sleeping pills for a short time, along with making lifestyle changes.
- Treat your sleep problems with only lifestyle changes.
Insomnia can be caused by menopause or problems such as depression, anxiety, and sleep apnea. Treating these conditions may get rid of your sleep problem. This topic is for people whose sleep problem can't be treated by fixing something else.
Key points to remember
- Sleeping pills work best and are safest if you use them for a short time along with lifestyle changes.
- Research shows that lifestyle and behavior changes are the best long-term choice to help you sleep well.
- Sleeping pills may have side effects, such as daytime drowsiness and nausea.
- A sleep medicine may not work as well when your body gets used to it.
- You may have withdrawal symptoms when you stop taking the medicines.
What is insomnia?
Insomnia is a problem with falling asleep or staying asleep. You may wake up during the night or wake up too early the next morning. Without enough sleep, you may feel sleepy during the day. This can make you more likely to have an accident, and it also makes driving dangerous. You may feel grumpy from lack of sleep. Some people have trouble remembering things, don't get as much done, and don't enjoy being with family and friends.
Some people use caffeine to help them get over feeling tired, but this may make their sleep problem worse.
Almost everyone has trouble sleeping sometimes. Stress, for example, can keep you from sleeping well now and then. The problem can last for days or weeks. It often gets better in less than a month.
But trouble sleeping can turn into a long-term problem, especially when you worry about not sleeping well. A long-term sleep problem is called chronic insomnia. It is often a symptom of another health problem, such as depression or chronic pain. Chronic insomnia is less common than short-term sleep problems.
How well do sleeping pills work?
Sleeping pills work well to help you sleep.footnote 1 They can help for a short time to break the cycle of bad sleep. But over time, the medicine doesn't work as well as lifestyle and behavior changes do. And some sleeping pills may work in part because of a placebo effect.footnote 2
Your doctor may have you take a sleeping pill every night for a few weeks. Or you may take them for only a few nights each week. This is called intermittent treatment. Make sure to take the pills exactly as your doctor says.
What lifestyle and behavior changes can you make to sleep better?
The best long-term way to sleep well is to make lifestyle and behavior changes. There are several things you can try, including:
- Changes in how you sleep. There are simple changes you can make that may help you sleep better. These include changing where or when you sleep, being careful about what and when you eat and drink, and being more active. It's also important to keep regular bedtimes and wake times—7 days a week—and to try to avoid taking naps during the day.
- Relaxation exercises. They can help slow your racing mind. Learning how to relax your muscles, such as through progressive muscle relaxation or meditation, is one way to relax your body. Breathing deeply is another way.
- Healthy thinking with cognitive behavioral therapy. Healthy thinking, or balanced thinking, is a way to help you stay well or cope with a health problem by changing how you think. Cognitive behavioral therapy is a type of counseling that can help you understand why you have sleep problems. And it can show you how to deal with them. Cognitive behavioral therapy helps reduce interrupted sleep over time.
What are the risks of taking sleeping pills?
Sleeping pills may:
- Have side effects, such as making you feel anxious or sick to your stomach (nauseated). You also may feel sleepy or drowsy during the day.
- Not work as well over time. After a while, they may not help you sleep the way they used to.
- Become habit-forming. You may come to rely on them so much that you can't sleep without them.
- Cause withdrawal symptoms when you stop taking them.
Why might your doctor recommend that you take sleeping pills?
Your doctor may recommend sleeping pills if:
- You need help right away for a sleep problem that is causing problems in your life.
- You have tried lifestyle changes and you still have trouble sleeping.
- You plan to take them for only a few weeks.
- You plan to try lifestyle changes along with taking sleeping pills.
Compare your options
Compare
What is usually involved? |
| |
|---|---|---|
What are the benefits? |
| |
What are the risks and side effects? |
|
- You take a sleeping pill every night or a few times a week as your doctor prescribes.
- You make lifestyle and behavior changes to help you sleep. These may include:
- Going to bed at the same time each night and getting up at the same time each morning.
- Not eating too much or drinking alcohol before bed.
- Not getting too much caffeine from drinks or foods.
- You'll probably be able to sleep right away.
- You may be less tired and more able to concentrate during the day.
- If you take sleeping pills for a long time, they may not work as well as they did at first.
- You may come to depend on the pills for sleep and may not be able to sleep without them.
- You could have withdrawal symptoms when you stop taking them.
- The pills can cost a lot.
- Sleeping pills have several possible side effects, including making you feel:
- Sleepy or drowsy during the day.
- Sick to your stomach.
- Anxious.
- You make lifestyle changes to help you sleep. These may include:
- Going to bed at the same time each night and getting up at the same time each morning.
- Not eating too much or drinking alcohol before bed.
- Not getting too much caffeine from drinks or foods.
- You help yourself get to sleep.
- You don't have to take a pill every day.
- You don't have the cost of medicine.
- You don't have to worry about depending on medicine to sleep.
- You don't have the risk of withdrawal symptoms or possible side effects.
- You can decide later to take sleeping pills if lifestyle changes don't work well enough.
- Lifestyle changes alone might not be enough to help you sleep.
Personal stories about taking sleeping pills for insomnia
These stories are based on information gathered from health professionals and consumers. They may be helpful as you make important health decisions.
I used to have a stressful job and would wake up at night after a few hours of sleep. I couldn't go back to sleep. The same thing happened night after night. My blood pressure went up, and I was tired all the time. I have since changed to a less stressful job, but I still didn't sleep all night. I bought a better mattress hoping that would help, but I would still wake up in the middle of the night and not be able to get back to sleep. I talked with my doctor several times about my insomnia and decided to try sleeping pills.
Liz, age 45
I kept many bad habits I had picked up in college. I would stay up late with friends, often while drinking. The next day at work I would drink coffee all day to help keep me going. I ate meals whenever I could spare the time. As a result I wasn't sleeping regularly. I thought about taking sleeping pills, but I didn't like the possible side effects. So I decided to make changes in my behavior. I go to bed at about the same time every night, exercise after work 3 days a week, and limit how much alcohol and coffee I drink.
Alejandro, age 25
I used to worry about not going to sleep at night. So I would sit up late at night watching TV in bed. The more I worried about not being able to go to sleep, the longer I would stay awake. My doctor said I may be depressed and told me that counseling might help. He also suggested that I take sleeping pills for a short time to help me get the rest I need.
Chris, age 33
I have several health problems and have started taking medicines for them. Since I started the medicines, I have a hard time going to sleep at night. My doctor believes that one of my medicines may be causing me to stay awake. So she recommended I try a different medicine to see if that would help. She also suggested that exercise might help, so I've started walking around the neighborhood after my evening meal.
Sophie, age 66
What matters most to you?
Your personal feelings are just as important as the medical facts. Think about what matters most to you in this decision, and show how you feel about the following statements.
Reasons to take sleeping pills
Reasons not to take sleeping pills
I've tried lifestyle changes, and I'm still not sleeping enough.
I want to give lifestyle changes more time to work.
I need to sleep better now, because lack of sleep is hurting my life.
My life isn't suffering because of my lack of sleep.
I'm not concerned I may rely on them and not be able to sleep without them.
I'm very concerned I may rely on them and not be able to sleep without them.
I'm not worried about side effects from sleeping pills.
I am worried about side effects.
I don't mind taking medicine to help me sleep.
I just don't want to take pills to help me sleep.
My other important reasons:
My other important reasons:
Where are you leaning now?
Now that you've thought about the facts and your feelings, you may have a general idea of where you stand on this decision. Show which way you are leaning right now.
Taking sleeping pills
NOT taking sleeping pills
What else do you need to make your decision?
Check the facts
Decide what's next
Certainty
1. How sure do you feel right now about your decision?
Your Summary
Here's a record of your answers. You can use it to talk with your doctor or loved ones about your decision.
Your decision
Next steps
Which way you're leaning
How sure you are
Your comments
Your knowledge of the facts
Key concepts that you understood
Key concepts that may need review
Getting ready to act
Patient choices
Credits and References
| Author | Healthwise Staff |
|---|---|
| Clinical Review Board | Clinical Review Board All Healthwise education is reviewed by a team that includes physicians, nurses, advanced practitioners, registered dieticians, and other healthcare professionals. |
- Hirschkowitz M, et al. (2009). Sleep disorders. In BJ Sadock et al., eds. Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 9th ed., vol 1, pp. 2150–2177. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
- Huedo-Medina T, et al. (2012). Effectiveness of non-benzodiazepine hypnotics in treatment of adult insomnia: Meta-analysis of data submitted to the Food and Drug Administration. BMJ, Published online December 17, 2012 (doi: 10.1136/bmj.e8343).
Insomnia: Should I Take Sleeping Pills?
- Get the facts
- Compare your options
- What matters most to you?
- Where are you leaning now?
- What else do you need to make your decision?
1. Get the Facts
Your options
- Take sleeping pills for a short time, along with making lifestyle changes.
- Treat your sleep problems with only lifestyle changes.
Insomnia can be caused by menopause or problems such as depression, anxiety, and sleep apnea. Treating these conditions may get rid of your sleep problem. This topic is for people whose sleep problem can't be treated by fixing something else.
Key points to remember
- Sleeping pills work best and are safest if you use them for a short time along with lifestyle changes.
- Research shows that lifestyle and behavior changes are the best long-term choice to help you sleep well.
- Sleeping pills may have side effects, such as daytime drowsiness and nausea.
- A sleep medicine may not work as well when your body gets used to it.
- You may have withdrawal symptoms when you stop taking the medicines.
What is insomnia?
Insomnia is a problem with falling asleep or staying asleep. You may wake up during the night or wake up too early the next morning. Without enough sleep, you may feel sleepy during the day. This can make you more likely to have an accident, and it also makes driving dangerous. You may feel grumpy from lack of sleep. Some people have trouble remembering things, don't get as much done, and don't enjoy being with family and friends.
Some people use caffeine to help them get over feeling tired, but this may make their sleep problem worse.
Almost everyone has trouble sleeping sometimes. Stress, for example, can keep you from sleeping well now and then. The problem can last for days or weeks. It often gets better in less than a month.
But trouble sleeping can turn into a long-term problem, especially when you worry about not sleeping well. A long-term sleep problem is called chronic insomnia. It is often a symptom of another health problem, such as depression or chronic pain. Chronic insomnia is less common than short-term sleep problems.
How well do sleeping pills work?
Sleeping pills work well to help you sleep.1 They can help for a short time to break the cycle of bad sleep. But over time, the medicine doesn't work as well as lifestyle and behavior changes do. And some sleeping pills may work in part because of a placebo effect.2
Your doctor may have you take a sleeping pill every night for a few weeks. Or you may take them for only a few nights each week. This is called intermittent treatment. Make sure to take the pills exactly as your doctor says.
What lifestyle and behavior changes can you make to sleep better?
The best long-term way to sleep well is to make lifestyle and behavior changes. There are several things you can try, including:
- Changes in how you sleep. There are simple changes you can make that may help you sleep better. These include changing where or when you sleep, being careful about what and when you eat and drink, and being more active. It's also important to keep regular bedtimes and wake times—7 days a week—and to try to avoid taking naps during the day.
- Relaxation exercises. They can help slow your racing mind. Learning how to relax your muscles, such as through progressive muscle relaxation or meditation, is one way to relax your body. Breathing deeply is another way.
- Healthy thinking with cognitive behavioral therapy. Healthy thinking, or balanced thinking, is a way to help you stay well or cope with a health problem by changing how you think. Cognitive behavioral therapy is a type of counseling that can help you understand why you have sleep problems. And it can show you how to deal with them. Cognitive behavioral therapy helps reduce interrupted sleep over time.
What are the risks of taking sleeping pills?
Sleeping pills may:
- Have side effects, such as making you feel anxious or sick to your stomach (nauseated). You also may feel sleepy or drowsy during the day.
- Not work as well over time. After a while, they may not help you sleep the way they used to.
- Become habit-forming. You may come to rely on them so much that you can't sleep without them.
- Cause withdrawal symptoms when you stop taking them.
Why might your doctor recommend that you take sleeping pills?
Your doctor may recommend sleeping pills if:
- You need help right away for a sleep problem that is causing problems in your life.
- You have tried lifestyle changes and you still have trouble sleeping.
- You plan to take them for only a few weeks.
- You plan to try lifestyle changes along with taking sleeping pills.
2. Compare your options
| Take sleeping pills | Don't take sleeping pills | |
|---|---|---|
| What is usually involved? |
|
|
| What are the benefits? |
|
|
| What are the risks and side effects? |
|
|
Personal stories
Personal stories about taking sleeping pills for insomnia
These stories are based on information gathered from health professionals and consumers. They may be helpful as you make important health decisions.
"I used to have a stressful job and would wake up at night after a few hours of sleep. I couldn't go back to sleep. The same thing happened night after night. My blood pressure went up, and I was tired all the time. I have since changed to a less stressful job, but I still didn't sleep all night. I bought a better mattress hoping that would help, but I would still wake up in the middle of the night and not be able to get back to sleep. I talked with my doctor several times about my insomnia and decided to try sleeping pills."
— Liz, age 45
"I kept many bad habits I had picked up in college. I would stay up late with friends, often while drinking. The next day at work I would drink coffee all day to help keep me going. I ate meals whenever I could spare the time. As a result I wasn't sleeping regularly. I thought about taking sleeping pills, but I didn't like the possible side effects. So I decided to make changes in my behavior. I go to bed at about the same time every night, exercise after work 3 days a week, and limit how much alcohol and coffee I drink."
— Alejandro, age 25
"I used to worry about not going to sleep at night. So I would sit up late at night watching TV in bed. The more I worried about not being able to go to sleep, the longer I would stay awake. My doctor said I may be depressed and told me that counseling might help. He also suggested that I take sleeping pills for a short time to help me get the rest I need."
— Chris, age 33
"I have several health problems and have started taking medicines for them. Since I started the medicines, I have a hard time going to sleep at night. My doctor believes that one of my medicines may be causing me to stay awake. So she recommended I try a different medicine to see if that would help. She also suggested that exercise might help, so I've started walking around the neighborhood after my evening meal."
— Sophie, age 66
3. What matters most to you?
Your personal feelings are just as important as the medical facts. Think about what matters most to you in this decision, and show how you feel about the following statements.
Reasons to take sleeping pills
Reasons not to take sleeping pills
I've tried lifestyle changes, and I'm still not sleeping enough.
I want to give lifestyle changes more time to work.
I need to sleep better now, because lack of sleep is hurting my life.
My life isn't suffering because of my lack of sleep.
I'm not concerned I may rely on them and not be able to sleep without them.
I'm very concerned I may rely on them and not be able to sleep without them.
I'm not worried about side effects from sleeping pills.
I am worried about side effects.
I don't mind taking medicine to help me sleep.
I just don't want to take pills to help me sleep.
My other important reasons:
My other important reasons:
4. Where are you leaning now?
Now that you've thought about the facts and your feelings, you may have a general idea of where you stand on this decision. Show which way you are leaning right now.
Taking sleeping pills
NOT taking sleeping pills
5. What else do you need to make your decision?
Check the facts
1. Is it best if you take sleeping pills only for a short time?
- Yes
- No
- I'm not sure
2. Will lifestyle and behavior changes work best over time to help you sleep?
- Yes
- No
- I'm not sure
3. Is there a risk that sleeping pills could be habit-forming?
- Yes
- No
- I'm not sure
Decide what's next
1. Do you understand the options available to you?
2. Are you clear about which benefits and side effects matter most to you?
3. Do you have enough support and advice from others to make a choice?
Certainty
1. How sure do you feel right now about your decision?
2. Check what you need to do before you make this decision.
- I'm ready to take action.
- I want to discuss the options with others.
- I want to learn more about my options.
| By | Healthwise Staff |
|---|---|
| Clinical Review Board | Clinical Review Board All Healthwise education is reviewed by a team that includes physicians, nurses, advanced practitioners, registered dieticians, and other healthcare professionals. |
- Hirschkowitz M, et al. (2009). Sleep disorders. In BJ Sadock et al., eds. Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 9th ed., vol 1, pp. 2150–2177. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
- Huedo-Medina T, et al. (2012). Effectiveness of non-benzodiazepine hypnotics in treatment of adult insomnia: Meta-analysis of data submitted to the Food and Drug Administration. BMJ, Published online December 17, 2012 (doi: 10.1136/bmj.e8343).
Note: The "printer friendly" document will not contain all the information available in the online document some Information (e.g. cross-references to other topics, definitions or medical illustrations) is only available in the online version.
Current as of: July 10, 2023
Author: Healthwise Staff
Clinical Review Board
All Healthwise education is reviewed by a team that includes physicians, nurses, advanced practitioners, registered dieticians, and other healthcare professionals.
